{"id":1535,"date":"2023-08-16T15:25:45","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T15:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/?p=76376"},"modified":"2023-08-16T15:25:45","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T15:25:45","slug":"how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/index.php\/2023\/08\/16\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000\/","title":{"rendered":"How a hacking crew overtook a satellite from inside a Las Vegas convention center and won $50,000"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><head> <meta charset=\"UTF-8\"> <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"> <meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1\"> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v20.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ --> <title>How a hacking crew overtook a satellite from inside a Las Vegas convention center and won $50,000 | CyberScoop<\/title> <meta name=\"description\" content=\"The first capture the flag with an real-time in-orbit satellite took place over the weekend at the DEF CON conference.\"> <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/mhackeroni-hackasat-space-def-con\/\"> <meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\"> <meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"> <meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How a hacking crew overtook a satellite from inside a Las Vegas convention center and won $50,000\"> <meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The first capture the flag with an real-time in-orbit satellite took place over the weekend at the DEF CON conference.\"> <meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/mhackeroni-hackasat-space-def-con\/\"> <meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CyberScoop\"> <meta property=\"article:published_time\" 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href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/news\/cybersecurity\/\"> <span>Cybersecurity<\/span> <\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> The first capture the flag with an real-time in-orbit satellite took place over the weekend at the DEF CON conference. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__cover-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"single-article__cover\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.jpg?resize=640%2C400&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"single-article__cover-image wp-post-image\" alt decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=300,188 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=768,480 768w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=1024,640 1024w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=1536,960 1536w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=600,375 600w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=269,168 269w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=539,337 539w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=1080,675 1080w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-3.jpg?resize=1349,843 1349w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\"><figcaption> Spacecraft launch. Elements of this image furnished by NASA. (Getty Images) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"single-article__content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__content-inner has-drop-cap\"> <html readability=\"60.593649721331\"><body readability=\"121.85076660988\"><\/p>\n<p>LAS VEGAS \u2014 In a room almost overflowing with spectators inside Caesars Forum, the main venue for this year\u2019s DEF CON hacking conference, five teams of hackers from around the world waited anxiously to see who would be named the winner of the first-ever capture the flag in space.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not often that a crowd this large gathers to celebrate security researchers\u2019 work, but this was no ordinary hacking contest. It represented the culmination of many years of planning and investment from the Air Force, which organized the event, and the first time hackers have been openly encouraged to break into a satellite as it hurtles over the earth at 17,000 miles per hour.<\/p>\n<p>Teams participating in the Hack-A-Sat contest at this year\u2019s DEF CON\u2019s Aerospace Village all had the same target: a small cubesat dubbed \u201cMoonlighter\u201d outfitted with challenges and \u201cflags\u201d that NASA and SpaceX <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/moonlighter-hack-a-sat-defcon\/\">launched in June<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>From last Friday morning to Saturday night, five teams gathered in the contests area at DEF CON, a giant space filled with devices, cars, loud strange noises, and hundreds of hackers breaking into anything with some wires and electricity running through it. At the Hack-A-Sat space, a giant scoreboard was decked out cyberpunk style with the scores, location of the Moonlighter, and next time before contact with the satellite.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-1.jpg?resize=640%2C353&#038;ssl=1\" alt class=\"wp-image-76378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg 2041w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=300,165 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=768,423 768w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=1024,564 1024w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=1536,847 1536w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=600,331 600w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=1200,661 1200w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-4.jpg?resize=1500,827 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2041px) 100vw, 2041px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hack-A-Sat scoreboard on Friday, August 11. (Christian Vasquez\/CyberScoop)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The competitors are a combination of multiple CTF teams. While teaming up is not uncommon for CTFs, hacking a satellite while in orbit presents unique challenges that many regular CTF competitors have yet to face. The five teams that made it to the finals in Vegas beat out hundreds of other teams made up of thousands of players. <\/p>\n<p>At stake for first place was bragging rights to being the first team to win a CTF in space \u2014 and $50,000. It\u2019s little wonder the announcement room was <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hack_a_sat\/status\/1690815394536194048?s=20\">filled to the brim<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>But the night before, the announcement had it\u2019s own drama. A suspicious package lead to the evacuation of the entire Caesars Forum where DEF CON was hosted on late Saturday. (This is possibly the fifth time an evacuation has occurred, according to remarks made at DEF CON\u2019s closing ceremonies.) <\/p>\n<p>The Hack-A-Sat organizers were still collecting data from the Moonlighter and so the team huddled in an emergency stairwell before retreating to a hotel room to connect to the Moonlighter to collect data and determine the final scores, said U.S. Space Force Capt. Kevin Bernert at the announcement. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cThe show must go on,\u201d Bernert said.<\/p>\n<p>As Jordan Wiens, creator of the reverse engineer program Binary Ninja and the CTF host at Hack-A-Sat, began to announce the winners he noted the second place winners would receive $30,000 and third would take home $20,000. The crowd audibly murmured and a few whistled at the prize money. At third place is jmp fs: [rcx], a team combined of PFS, which won the <a href=\"https:\/\/hackasat.com\/has\/\">first Hack-A-Sat contest in 2020<\/a>, and RTX. The team name is also a valid assembly code, <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/hack-a-sat-moonlighter-def-con\/\">one of the members<\/a> told CyberScoop.<\/p>\n<p>The second place winners are Poland Can Into Space, a combination from the CTF team\u2019s Dragon Sector and p4. The name is a play on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polandballwiki.com\/wiki\/Poland_cannot_into_space#\/media\/File:Wikia-Visualization-Add-1,polandball.png\">online comic Polandball<\/a> and last year\u2019s winners of Hack-A-Sat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCongratulations to team mHACKeroni,\u201d Weins said, to loud cheers, applause, and some screaming. mHACKeroni, which won both bragging rights and the prize money, consists of 60 people from Italy representing the academic world, according to their bio.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cCongratulations to all of the participants,\u201d said Wiens. \u201cMaking it here at all is really impressive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Those challenges weren\u2019t easy. One challenge called \u201cChristmas in August\u201d required that the Moonlighter leave its regular orbit and fly close to the North Pole. How do you move a satellite that does not have a propulsion system? By tricking the GPS receiver through script injection, of course.<\/p>\n<p>Another challenge was to hack into the camera and take a photo from space. Iron Bank is a cryptography challenge that only mHACKeroni completed.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000-2.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt class=\"wp-image-76377\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp 1536w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=300,225 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=768,576 768w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=1024,768 1024w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=600,450 600w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=224,168 224w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=449,337 449w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=900,675 900w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/how-a-hacking-crew-overtook-a-satellite-from-inside-a-las-vegas-convention-center-and-won-50000.webp?resize=1124,843 1124w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo taken by CTF winners mHACKeroni from the Moonlight cubesat. (Air Force Research Laboratory)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The CTF is a collaboration from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Systems Command, Aerospace Corporation and <a href=\"https:\/\/cromulence.com\/\">Cromulence<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>One major challenge was that the Moonlighter is not always available. Depending where it\u2019s located in-orbit, the satellite only had a few open windows throughout the competition to download or upload files, telemetry, and scripts. And because the CTF is operating with real-world conditions even the CTF runners could not always connect during the pre-defined contact windows.<\/p>\n<p>But while Hack-A-Sat is aimed at bringing cybersecurity and space experts together in a fun competition, the threats facing space systems are real. The DEF CON and Black Hat cybersecurity conferences in Las Vegas held multiple sessions on either the danger of the current state of space cybersecurity or going over the major hack of Viasat\u2019s systems at the start of the Ukraine invasion.<\/p>\n<p>At Black Hat, a Viasat executive and an NSA official revealed that the Russian attack on satellite communications was actually a <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/viasat-ka-sat-hack-black-hat\/\">multi-pronged barrage<\/a> that included not only the Acid Rain malware wiper but also flooded specific servers at Viasat that quickly overwhelmed their networks.<\/p>\n<p>The reliance of space systems for critical sectors such as energy and agriculture has lead to multiple calls for the sector to be designated as critical infrastructure. Experts have noted that the surge of so-called \u201cnew space\u201d companies and off-the-shelf components means that the <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/space-secure-by-design\/\">risks to space systems are increasing<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/body> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"single-article__footer\">\n<div class=\"single-article__tags-container\">\n<h4 class=\"single-article__tags-title\">In This Story<\/h4>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<p> <\/html><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__ads js-single-article-sidebar\">\n<div class=\"ad ad--sidebar js-single-article-sidebar-5 ad--rightrail_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad ad--sidebar js-single-article-sidebar-4 ad--rightrail_2 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad ad--sidebar js-single-article-sidebar-3 ad--rightrail_3 \">\n<div 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