{"id":2415,"date":"2024-01-25T00:11:46","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T00:11:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/?p=78909"},"modified":"2024-01-25T00:11:46","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T00:11:46","slug":"new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/index.php\/2024\/01\/25\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation\/","title":{"rendered":"New Hampshire robocall kicks off era of AI-enabled election disinformation\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><head> <meta charset=\"UTF-8\"> <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"> <meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1\"> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ --> <title>New Hampshire robocall kicks off era of AI-enabled 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readability=\"0.82\"> <button class=\"stickybar__close js-stickybar-close\" aria-controls=\"stickybar\"> <svg class=\"icon icon--close\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 22\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"m.822.518-.805.805L9.695 11 .017 20.678l.805.805 9.678-9.678 9.677 9.678.806-.805L11.305 11l9.678-9.677-.806-.805-9.677 9.677L.822.518Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" \/><\/svg> <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Close<\/span> <\/button> <\/section>\n<article class=\"single-article content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__container js-single-article-content\">\n<header class=\"single-article__header \" readability=\"25.453947368421\">\n<div class=\"single-article__header-content\" readability=\"30.715384615385\">\n<p> Fake audio of President Biden urged Democratic primary voters to stay away from the polls \u2014 a preview of election meddling to come in 2024.&nbsp; <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__cover-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"single-article__cover\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation.jpg?resize=640%2C426&#038;ssl=1\" class=\"single-article__cover-image wp-post-image\" alt decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=252,168 252w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=506,337 506w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=1013,675 1013w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-2.jpg?resize=1265,843 1265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1013px) 100vw, 1013px\"><figcaption> A supporter of President Joe Biden holds a sign outside a polling site during the state&#8217;s primary at Winnacunnet High School in Hampton, New Hampshire on January 23, 2024. (Joseph Prezioso \/ AFP) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"single-article__content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__content-inner has-drop-cap\"> <html readability=\"106.5561299132\"><body readability=\"215.29458362214\"><\/p>\n<p>Late in the afternoon on Sunday, Jan. 21, Kathy Sullivan received a text from a family member who said they had received a call from Sullivan or her husband and were following up.<\/p>\n<p>The treasurer of a super PAC running a write-in campaign for President Joe Biden in the New Hampshire primary election, Sullivan was busy with tasks ahead of an election only two days away. She dismissed the text and assumed the friend had been called by accident.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A few hours later, Sullivan was on her way out the door to dinner when she received another call, this time from a New Hampshire voter who inquired why she was sending automated voice messages of Biden to his phone. Baffled, Sullivan told him she had made no such calls and left without giving the incidents much more thought.<\/p>\n<p>Halfway through dinner, Sullivan glanced at her phone and saw a dozen missed calls from numbers she didn\u2019t recognize. That\u2019s when she thought to herself, \u201cOh shoot, there\u2019s something more here than I realize. Something is happening.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Someone had begun flooding New Hampshire voters with a robocall that sounded like Biden warning Democrats not to vote in Tuesday\u2019s primary because it \u201conly enables the Republicans in their quest to elect Donald Trump.\u201d The voice urged loyal Democrats to remember that \u201cyour vote makes a difference in November, not this Tuesday.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Even stranger, the phone number that showed up on caller ID appeared to belong to Sullivan, the former New Hampshire Democratic state party chair. Whoever orchestrated the calls had spoofed her cell number, causing Sullivan to be bombarded with questions and complaints from New Hampshire voters.<\/p>\n<p>What Sullivan had been fretting over turns out to have been a potential milestone in the 2024 U.S. election \u2014&nbsp;what appears to be the first instance of AI-generated audio disinformation targeting American voters. It\u2019s unlikely to be the last.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-from-the-theoretical-to-the-real\">From the theoretical to the real<\/h2>\n<p>Technologists, cybersecurity specialists and government agencies <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/fbi-foreign-actors-deepfakes-cyber-influence-operations\/\">have warned<\/a> for years that AI tools could be used to create realistic images, videos and audio of people doing and saying things they never did. The New Hampshire robocall marks the moment when the possibility of bad actors leveraging deepfakes in the 2024 election became viscerally real.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re seeing now in New Hampshire is the application of this technology at scale,\u201d Rex Booth, a former official at the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the Office of the National Cyber Director, told CyberScoop.<\/p>\n<p>In this case, the actor behind the calls, as well as their ultimate motive, remains unknown. The impact of the call on voting behavior remains unclear, and Biden <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/01\/23\/1225663027\/joe-biden-wins-nh-primary-results\">handily won<\/a> his primary despite not appearing on the ballot.<\/p>\n<p>While U.S. voters have already been exposed to deepfakes, misinformation and disinformation, the incident in New Hampshire shows how AI can be \u201capplied in a way that has the ability to impact a larger number of potential voters faster, more immediately and in more relevant and direct ways,\u201d said Booth, who is now the chief information security officer at the software company Sailpoint.<\/p>\n<p>The past year has seen an explosion of AI-generated disinformation popping up in countries including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/slovakia-election-deepfakes\">Slovakia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2024\/jan\/12\/deepfake-video-adverts-sunak-facebook-alarm-ai-risk-election\">the U.K<\/a>., and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/world\/deepfake-videos-flood-taiwans-social-media-20240110-p5ewds.html\">Taiwan<\/a>. While deepfakes <a href=\"https:\/\/factcheck.afp.com\/doc.afp.com.33H928Z\">have been used in American elections before<\/a>, such as when the Republican National Committee <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kLMMxgtxQ1Y\">released an AI-generated ad<\/a> to describe an apocalyptic vision of the United States\u2019s future if Biden were to be re-elected in 2024, the New Hampshire incident is the first time it\u2019s been used to directly target U.S. voters and change their behavior at the polls.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis was predictable and predicted,\u201d Lindsay Gorman, a senior fellow for emerging technologies at the German Marshall Fund\u2019s Alliance for Securing Democracy and a former senior White House advisor on AI, democracy and national security, told CyberScoop.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The proliferation of AI systems and the relative ease with which a person can be mimicked using deepfake technology \u2014 usually requiring audio of about an hour and sometimes as little as three minutes \u2014 means that the New Hampshire robocall is probably indicative of what is to come over the course of the 2024 election.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI highly doubt this will be the last such incident that we see,\u201d Gorman said.<\/p>\n<p>Sullivan and others have filed a complaint with the New Hampshire Attorney General\u2019s Office over the calls, though she acknowledged that she isn\u2019t certain what state or federal laws may have been violated. New Hampshire law enforcement is already investigating the incident. Democratic members of Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/democrats-cha.house.gov\/sites\/evo-subsites\/democrats-cha.house.gov\/files\/evo-media-document\/2024.01.22-jdm-letter-to-ag-on-nh-ai.pdf\">have called on<\/a> U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland to open a federal investigation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese messages appear to be an unlawful attempt to disrupt the New Hampshire Presidential Primary Election and to suppress New Hampshire voters,\u201d the state Attorney General\u2019s office said in a Jan. 23 statement.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-we-gotta-figure-this-out\">\u201cWe gotta figure this out.\u201d<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In some ways, Sullivan was uniquely prepared to handle an incident like this. In 2002, she was the Democratic state party chair when GOP operatives carried out a phone-jamming scheme that aimed to disrupt her party\u2019s get-out-the-vote operation in a closely contested Senate race. Four individuals, including Charles McGee, the executive director of the New Hampshire Republican Party, were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2006\/05\/16\/AR2006051601712.html\">charged and convicted<\/a> or pleaded guilty on charges stemming from their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seacoastonline.com\/story\/news\/2006\/11\/16\/man-pleads-guilty-to-gop\/51210704007\/\">roles<\/a> in the incident.<\/p>\n<p>In other ways, Sullivan is emblematic of just how ill-equipped many state and local officials are to handle AI threats. She describes herself as \u201cnot a technical person\u201d and someone who before this week had only a general awareness regarding artificial intelligence, deepfakes and their potential impact on elections.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOf course, now I\u2019m extremely interested, and I\u2019ll be paying a lot more attention,\u201d Sullivan said.<\/p>\n<p>The first line of defense against campaigns like the one in New Hampshire will be state and local election officials, many of whom are already dealing with a lack of resources and increasing hostility from voters suspicious of the electoral system.<\/p>\n<p>Federal agencies like CISA have played a significant role in the combatting of disinformation in past elections, most notably through a \u201cRumor Control\u201d web page that debunked various election-related conspiracy theories leading up to the 2020 elections.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>However, a series of recent<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/scotus\/2023\/9\/22\/23883888\/supreme-court-social-media-first-amendment-netchoice-paxton-murthy-missouri-twitter-facebook\"> court rulings<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2023\/10\/22\/conservatives-cyber-cisa-politics-00122794\">a full-court press<\/a> by Republican members of Congress, who have argued the federal government should not be in the business of policing disinformation, has significantly hampered the ability of agencies like CISA to engage with social media companies and coordinate with outside parties around disinformation.<\/p>\n<p>For an agency whose founding director was<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2023\/07\/25\/politics\/chris-krebs-special-counsel\/index.html\"> summarily fired<\/a> in 2020 after pushing back on election-related disinformation, the political scars and blowback have continued to linger.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t think CISA has either the appetite or the authority to wade into those waters again,\u201d Booth said.<\/p>\n<p>In a January <a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignaffairs.com\/united-states\/artificial-intelligences-threat-democracy\">op-ed<\/a> published in Foreign Affairs, CISA Director Jen Easterly, senior election security advisor Cait Conley and Kansas Secretary of State Scott Schwab wrote that while federal support is needed, \u201cin large part, responsibility for meeting this threat will fall to the country\u2019s state and local election officials.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe gotta figure this out. We don\u2019t have the capacity to do that, so we\u2019re going to have to rely on some help from the nationals,\u201d said Sullivan, who called on national party organizations and federal lawmakers to address the issue through trainings, resources and legislation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-lessons-learned\">Lessons learned<\/h2>\n<p>While the New Hampshire robocall was disruptive, Sullivan believes state and local officials can learn from the episode and how she and other officials responded to it. While many campaigns already employ rapid response teams for fast-breaking developments, that team should have some kind of plan in place for dealing with the emergence of fake or likely-fake media, Sullivan said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou\u2019ve got to have people who are prepared to act at the drop of a hat. You have to be prepared for messaging, so you\u2019re not taking three hours to figure out what to say in that blast email,\u201d Sullivan argued.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of New Hampshire, Sullivan and other party officials immediately moved to send out emails to supporters warning them of the fake audio and urging them to vote in Tuesday\u2019s primary. They also reached out to media outlets in an effort to get broader coverage of the incident.<\/p>\n<p>Lawyers on staff were tapped to quickly identify and contact relevant officials in law enforcement and the state attorney general\u2019s office to report the call. Sullivan said that having those contacts in place saved precious time and contributed to a swift <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doj.nh.gov\/news\/2024\/20240122-voter-robocall.html\">announcement<\/a> issued Monday that state law enforcement was investigating the incident, something that might not have happened if they had cold-called authorities out of the blue with claims of AI-enabled election fraud.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>But smaller campaigns and election offices may lack the resources to effectively respond to these incidents in real time. And as the 2024 campaign drags on, more obscure political campaigns may prove to be easier targets for AI disinformation, which could be harder to spot in less scrutinized races.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>While the monotone and robotic cadence of the New Hampshire robocall may not have fooled voters familiar with Biden\u2019s speaking style from decades of media exposure, voters might be more easily duped by a deepfake of a lesser-known candidate running for a state office. If that candidate has ever spoken at a public meeting or appeared in a television interview, the chances are there is sufficient audio and video of them in the public domain to create convincing deepfakes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t know that anybody could have stopped this from happening, if somebody had the capacity to do it,\u201d Sullivan said. \u201cSo how can we best be prepared?\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><\/body> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"single-article__footer\" readability=\"0.31372549019608\">\n<div class=\"author-card\" readability=\"7\">\n<div class=\"author-card__avatar\">\n<figure class=\"author-card__image-wrap\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"author-card__image\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/new-hampshire-robocall-kicks-off-era-of-ai-enabled-election-disinformation-1.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Derek B. Johnson\"> <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><h4 class=\"author-card__name\">Written by Derek B. 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Start of HubSpot Embed Code --> <!-- End of HubSpot Embed Code --> <\/body> <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/biden-new-hampshire-robo-call-deepfake\/\">Source<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New Hampshire robocall kicks off era of AI-enabled election 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