The missed opportunities in White House\u2019s critical infrastructure directive | CyberScoop<\/title> <meta name=\"description\" content=\"The rewrite of PPD-21 is a good start, but still relies on Congress to get through the biggest hurdles, experts say.\"> <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/biden-national-security-memorandum-critical-infrastructure\/\"> <meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\"> <meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"> <meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The missed opportunities in White House\u2019s critical infrastructure directive\"> <meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The rewrite of PPD-21 is a good start, but still relies on Congress to get through the biggest hurdles, experts say.\"> <meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/biden-national-security-memorandum-critical-infrastructure\/\"> <meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CyberScoop\"> <meta property=\"article:published_time\" 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js-stickybar\" readability=\"0.82\"> <button class=\"stickybar__close js-stickybar-close\" aria-controls=\"stickybar\"> <svg class=\"icon icon--close\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 22\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"m.822.518-.805.805L9.695 11 .017 20.678l.805.805 9.678-9.678 9.677 9.678.806-.805L11.305 11l9.678-9.677-.806-.805-9.677 9.677L.822.518Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" \/><\/svg> <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Close<\/span> <\/button> <\/section>\n<article class=\"single-article content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__container js-single-article-content\">\n<header class=\"single-article__header \" readability=\"24.75\">\n<div class=\"single-article__header-content\" readability=\"31.029411764706\">\n<ul class=\"single-article__eyebrow\">\n<li class=\"single-article__category\"> <a class=\"single-article__category-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/news\/government\/\"> <span>Government<\/span> <\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> The rewrite of PPD-21 is a good start, but still relies on Congress to get through the biggest hurdles, experts say. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__cover-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"single-article__cover\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive.jpg?resize=640%2C436&ssl=1\" class=\"single-article__cover-image wp-post-image\" alt decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive-2.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive-2.jpg?resize=300,204 300w, 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https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive-2.jpg?resize=991,675 991w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive-2.jpg?resize=1237,843 1237w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\"><figcaption> The White House. (Getty Images) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"single-article__content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__content-inner has-drop-cap\"> <html readability=\"81.052028877272\"><body readability=\"165.40509989485\"><\/p>\n<p>A White House national security memorandum outlining how the government helps defend critical infrastructure from physical and digital attacks leaves gaps that only Congress can fill, experts warn.<\/p>\n<p>The release last week of a long-awaited revision to an <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/critical-infrastructure-memorandum-ppd-21\/\">11-year-old document<\/a> known as <a href=\"https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the-press-office\/2013\/02\/12\/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure-security-and-resil\">presidential policy directive 21<\/a> (PPD-21) was considered a welcome step toward modernization from many in the security community, setting in stone how the White House plans to assist critical sectors like health care, water, and energy in the face of ongoing cyberattacks.<\/p>\n<p>But much has changed since President Barack Obama signed PPD-21, which established the 16 critical infrastructure sectors and the agencies tasked as their overseers. National security officials have spent much of the past year <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/fbi-warns-china-preparing-for-disruptive-attacks\/\">sounding the alarm on Beijing\u2019s hackers<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/feds-chinese-hacking-operations-have-been-in-critical-infrastructure-networks-for-five-years\/\">diving into critical infrastructure sectors<\/a> amid increasing tensions around Taiwan. PPD-21, meanwhile, was created at a time when terrorism was top of mind and cybersecurity was a distant \u2014 but not outright ignored \u2014 consideration, according to Bob Kolasky, the founding director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency\u2019s National Risk Management Center.<\/p>\n<p>Kolasky said that the current memorandum reflects \u201cthe geopolitical threat environment. So we are thinking about critical infrastructure security and resilience in the context of <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/china-critical-infrastructure-volt-typhoon\/\">Volt Typhoon in China<\/a> and \u2026 lessons learned from Russia and Ukraine. And I can tell you living it, that was just not top of mind in 2013 when PPD-21 was finally signed.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Matt Hayden, a former assistant secretary of Homeland Security for Cyber, Infrastructure, Risk and Resilience, noted that CISA did not even exist when PPD-21 was first signed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Office of the National Cyber Director didn\u2019t exist\u201d either, said Hayden, now a vice president in General Dynamics Information Technology\u2019s intelligence and homeland security division. \u201cWe have a cyber framework now, a good structure in place that just isn\u2019t reflected. We also have a lot of the intelligence community structuring around critical infrastructure protection. These things didn\u2019t exist, candidly, when PPD-21 was framed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Even so, there are some portions of the policy that the Biden administration chose not to change, much to the chagrin of some experts. One major sticking point is that there are no changes to what is considered critical infrastructure, a term used by the government for industries that provide services needed for modern life, such as electricity, steel manufacturing, and water.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe inability of this review to tackle the question of those changes to critical infrastructure sectors, is, I think, a failure,\u201d said Annie Fixler, director of the Foundation for Defending Democracy\u2019s Center on Cyber and Technology Innovation. \u201cThis review is 11 years after the first PPD-21 \u2014 to argue and to think that there\u2019s been no changes across those sectors in 11 years \u2026 that\u2019s disappointing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While the national security memorandum on critical infrastructure (NSM-22) does allow for the Homeland Security secretary to reevaluate the sectors every two years, <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/how-to-fine-tune-the-white-houses-new-critical-infrastructure-directive\/\">cyber policy pros<\/a> were hoping that space systems or cloud computing would be added to the list.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Space systems in particular have become a <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/space-critical-infrastructure\/\">major point of contention<\/a> among experts, as the booming industry plays an increasingly vital role to other sectors like energy and agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat was something industry was really harping on,\u201d he added. \u201cThey do have a work group setup for space, and the IT sector Council does discuss cloud application. So there is a home for that conversation, but it\u2019s just not as defined as the others.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>During a call with reporters before last week\u2019s announcement, senior administration officials said that while the National Security Council considered the change, they ultimately decided that the initial process for selecting the 16 current sectors was \u201csound.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>However, a major fix that was lauded by experts was officially establishing CISA as the national coordinator, a position the agency already carries out. But experts note that a presidential declaration communicates that role to the sometimes skeptical private sector and other federal agencies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the past, there have sometimes been tension where something has been requested [by CISA] but not fulfilled because the other agencies, perhaps, saw this as a theater and not necessarily a critical request,\u201d Fixler said. \u201cSo there is value in clarifying expectations so that agencies can be held accountable.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kolasky agreed, noting that \u201cthat stuff matters in the world of bureaucratic politics.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But, ensuring that agencies like CISA have adequate funding and the authorities to build up resilience against attacks \u2014 such as minimum cybersecurity standards \u2014 requires Congress to step in, which fails to inspire confidence in experts like Fixler.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s good to see that the administration and Congress are aligned on what sector risk management agencies are supposed to do,\u201d Fixler said. \u201cAnd yet there are a number of agencies whose budget for sector specific risk management activities is limited, to say the least.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>CISA Director Jen Easterly <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/jen-easterly-cisa-funding-congress-critical-infrastructure-china\/\">appealed to lawmakers for additional funds<\/a> last Tuesday, saying that programs like monitoring are helping critical infrastructure protect themselves against threats like Volt Typhoon. Right-wing politicians may not be so eager to approve additional funding after some members have alleged that the agency was on a censorship campaign alongside social media companies, a claim Easterly herself has repeatedly denied.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond CISA, the memorandum says that agencies tasked with helping sectors manage risk, such as cyberattacks, can submit a legislative proposal to the Office of Management and Budget, but it would still be up to Congress to move the ball forward.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>But, Fixler points out, the president\u2019s budget request sent out earlier this year hardly added much in the way of additional funds. While the budget requests are rarely carried out, they do signify what the priorities are in any administration.<\/p>\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/agr_fy2025.pdf\">fiscal year 2025 budget request<\/a>, for instance, the U.S. Department of Agriculture asked for $3.2 million, with around $1.7 million dedicated to non-cybersecurity work. That means that the agency has an estimated $1.5 million budget to help the sector protect against criminal hackers and nation-sponsored campaigns, according to information provided by the Foundation for Defending Democracy.<\/p>\n<p>Previous administration efforts to add new cyber mandates have failed due to limited authorities that agencies have in fully carrying out those duties. The Environmental Protection Agency, for example, ultimately had to <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/epa-calls-off-cyber-regulations-for-water-sector\/\">shelve an effort<\/a> to get cybersecurity rules in place for the water sector after multiple states and trade associations sued.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, hacktivists tied to Russia\u2019s military intelligence arm have levied <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/sandworm-apt44-texas-water-facility\/\">multiple cyberattacks against water facilities<\/a>, though the attacks themselves were fairly unsophisticated and had little impact on services.<\/p>\n<p>With NSM-22 coming near the end of Biden\u2019s term, however, the people who put together the document might no longer be here to carry it out.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cWhether it\u2019s a second administration or it\u2019s the Trump administration, there\u2019s a lot of turnover between administrations,\u201d Fixler said. \u201cSo the authors of this are not necessarily going to implement and that\u2019s challenging. So that\u2019s also really disappointing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><\/body> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"single-article__footer\" readability=\"1.1905882352941\">\n<div class=\"author-card\" readability=\"9\">\n<div class=\"author-card__avatar\">\n<figure class=\"author-card__image-wrap\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"author-card__image\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive-1.jpg?w=640&ssl=1\" alt=\"Christian Vasquez\"> <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><h4 class=\"author-card__name\">Written by Christian Vasquez<\/h4>\n<p> Christian covers industrial cybersecurity for CyberScoop News. He previously wrote for E&E News at POLITICO covering cybersecurity in the energy sector. 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{"id":3432,"date":"2024-05-06T17:15:16","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T22:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/?p=80348"},"modified":"2024-05-06T17:15:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T22:15:16","slug":"the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/index.php\/2024\/05\/06\/the-missed-opportunities-in-white-houses-critical-infrastructure-directive\/","title":{"rendered":"The missed opportunities in White House\u2019s critical infrastructure directive"},"content":{"rendered":"