Inside Poland\u2019s groundbreaking effort to reckon with spyware abuses | CyberScoop<\/title> <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Poland was once a \u201cdark spot\u201d on spyware abuse, but a probe, victim notifications and more has made it a potential model for other nations.\"> <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses\/\"> <meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\"> <meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"> <meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inside Poland\u2019s groundbreaking effort to reckon with spyware abuses \"> <meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Poland was once a \u201cdark spot\u201d on spyware abuse, but a probe, victim notifications and more has made it a potential model for other nations.\"> <meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses\/\"> <meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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js-stickybar\" readability=\"0.82\"> <button class=\"stickybar__close js-stickybar-close\" aria-controls=\"stickybar\"> <svg class=\"icon icon--close\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 22\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"m.822.518-.805.805L9.695 11 .017 20.678l.805.805 9.678-9.678 9.677 9.678.806-.805L11.305 11l9.678-9.677-.806-.805-9.677 9.677L.822.518Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" \/><\/svg> <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Close<\/span> <\/button> <\/section>\n<article class=\"single-article content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__container js-single-article-content\">\n<header class=\"single-article__header \" readability=\"26.112759643917\">\n<div class=\"single-article__header-content\" readability=\"32.62\">\n<p> Poland was once a \u201cdark spot\u201d on spyware abuse, but a probe, victim notifications and more has made it a potential model for other nations. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__cover-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"single-article__cover\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"640\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses.jpg?resize=640%2C563&ssl=1\" class=\"single-article__cover-image wp-post-image\" alt decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses-2.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses-2.jpg?resize=300,264 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses-2.jpg?resize=768,675 768w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses-2.jpg?resize=1024,900 1024w, 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MikeMareen, iStock \/ Getty Images Plus <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"single-article__content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__content-inner has-drop-cap\"> <html readability=\"99.850493653032\"><body readability=\"202.05412750538\"><\/p>\n<p>When a European Parliament panel probing spyware abuses on the continent approached the Polish government almost two years ago, officials in Warsaw <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/meetdocs\/2014_2019\/plmrep\/COMMITTEES\/PEGA\/DV\/2023\/05-08\/REPORTcompromises_EN.pdf\">refused to meet<\/a> them. The government flatly asserted that it was operating under the law and largely stonewalled the investigation. <\/p>\n<p>Two years later, the government accused of abusing that tool is out of power, and Poland is establishing itself as a trailblazer in how to reckon with spyware abuse by investigating the previous government\u2019s use of the technology and disclosing to victims whether they were targeted. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat\u2019s happening in Poland is basically unprecedented for spyware abuse accountability,\u201d said John Scott-Railton, a senior researcher at the University of Toronto\u2019s Citizen Lab, which worked to uncover spyware abuses by the government in Warsaw. \u201cPoland was a very dark spot in the spyware abuse space. And suddenly it is becoming the obvious leader in accountability around spyware abuse. This is remarkable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In April, Poland\u2019s national prosecutor revealed that the government led by the conservative Law and Justice Party <a href=\"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2024\/04\/16\/almost-600-people-targeted-with-pegasus-spyware-under-former-polish-government\/\">targeted nearly 600 people<\/a> for Pegasus surveillance between 2017 and 2022. Criminal charges could be on the way. Additionally, Poland has signed onto a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/growing-coalition-of-governments-join-the-u-s-in-countering-the-proliferation-and-misuse-of-commercial-spyware\/\">Biden administration pledge<\/a> to encourage like-minded nations to counter the proliferation and misuse of spyware.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Natalia Krapiva, tech-legal counsel with the digital rights group Access Now, called Poland\u2019s shift \u201ca really groundbreaking development.\u201d Among nations confirmed to be major users of the industry-leading Pegasus spyware made by the Israeli firm NSO Group, \u201cwe haven\u2019t seen anything like this,\u201d she added. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cI can\u2019t tell what is the most precedent-setting thing,\u201d Scott-Railton said. \u201cThe notification to victims? The government coming out and providing a bunch of context publicly? Maybe the investigations of political abuses?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>An atypical \u2014 but not unique \u2014 set of circumstances have gotten Poland to the place it is now on spyware, namely that a new government is investigating its predecessor over allegations of surveillance that targeted its political opposition. That confluence of factors raises questions about whether other nations could, or would, follow in its footsteps. But groups that track and combat spyware abuses hope Poland might serve as a model to others seeking to address their past use.<\/p>\n<p><strong>On the ground in Poland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2021, Citizen Lab determined that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/business\/polish-leader-admits-country-bought-powerful-israeli-spyware\/\">Pegasus had infected the phone<\/a> of Krzysztof Brejza, a member of the European Parliament for Poland. At the time of the infection in 2019, Brejza was an opposition figure. His text messages were then doctored and leaked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cI was shocked,\u201d he told CyberScoop, describing the surveillance and harassment he was subjected to as \u201csick.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>His wife, Dorota, has been representing him as his lawyer in civil cases seeking answers about what happened. <a href=\"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2023\/12\/18\/polish-state-tv-ordered-to-apologise-over-publishing-messages-of-politician-hacked-with-pegasus-spyware\/\">In one such case<\/a>, a judge confirmed that spyware was found on Brejza\u2019s phone and ordered a state broadcaster, which had published his hacked and doctored messages, to pay compensation to Brejza and apologize for their conduct. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe had no hope this case would ever be solved,\u201d Dorota said, adding that she and her husband were \u201cvery happy about\u201d the government investigation into the breach of Krzysztof\u2019s phone and others.<\/p>\n<p>Civil society groups have been documenting the targeting of figures like Brejza using highly invasive spyware for years, but when governments are believed to be behind such activity, they often deny it outright. Official investigations in Poland are providing additional confirmation of their work.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe have been facing a lot of disinformation discarding our work both by governments but also by pro-government groups and the companies themselves,\u201d said Krapiva, whose group Access Now sometimes collaborates with Citizen Lab. \u201cEach time there\u2019s an investigation they try to deny, say that our methods are incorrect, that we don\u2019t have enough evidence.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Having a government confirm the cases that Citizen Lab identified \u201cis a huge deal,\u201d she said. \u201cIt really strengthens our standing.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>NSO Group has argued in the past that its tool is used by clients in the course of legitimate law enforcement or counterintelligence investigations, and while some of the 600 individuals that Polish officials say have been targeted by Pegasus represented legitimate targets, \u201ctoo many\u201d were not, <a href=\"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2024\/04\/16\/almost-600-people-targeted-with-pegasus-spyware-under-former-polish-government\/\">according to Tomasz Siemoniak<\/a>, the minister who oversees Polish security services. <\/p>\n<p>NSO Group declined to comment on the Polish investigation. The Polish government did not respond to requests for comment. <\/p>\n<p>A spokesman for the Law and Justice party, Rafa\u0142 Bochenek, said in a statement that the party \u201crefutes any accusation\u201d that its \u201cpoliticians acted unlawfully or illegally concerning how the Pegasus software was used.\u201d Bochanek said the use of Pegasus followed procedure and was approved by a judge. <\/p>\n<p>Bochanek accused the current government of \u201cusing Pegasus and other issues to seek political revenge on Law and Justice\u201d and \u201cbehaving in a manner that would not be countenanced by any Western government,\u201d citing a constitutional dispute that has led the party to say <a href=\"https:\/\/notesfrompoland.com\/2024\/05\/14\/former-ruling-pis-party-refuses-to-testify-before-committee-investigating-its-use-of-pegasus-spyware\/\">it will no longer testify<\/a> before the parliamentary committee investigating the use of NSO software. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the leader of the Law and Justice party, has in the past <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/business\/polish-leader-admits-country-bought-powerful-israeli-spyware\/\">dismissed allegations<\/a> that the government abused Pegasus as \u201cthe hysteria of the opposition.\u201d <\/p>\n<p><strong>A model for spyware abuse accountability?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Civil society groups have documented the use of Pegasus across the world, from Mexico to the United Arab Emirates, and they hope Poland\u2019s attempt to document and impose accountability for its misuse might serve as a model for others. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019re taking very seriously the steps that they need to take in order to get to the bottom of the spyware use \u2014 who authorized it, were any constraints imposed on it, who were all of the targets who were actually subjected to the spyware,\u201d said David Kaye, the former United Nations special rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression. \u201cYou\u2019ve got both the political and then the legal\/criminal approaches that are going on at the same time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The fact that this investigation is being carried out by a government against the party previously in power raises questions about whether it is an exercise in political retribution, but Kaye, who is currently a professor at the University of California Irvine, is encouraged by what he has seen so far and considers Justice Minister Adam Bodnar a serious human rights attorney committed to the rule of law.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>But Kaye cautions that the investigation remains in an early stage. \u201cIt seems like what they\u2019re trying to do at this stage is just to understand what happened,\u201d Kaye said, adding that it remains to be seen how best to ensure that spyware, if it\u2019s going to be made available, is subject to due process. <\/p>\n<p>Whether the combination of a change in power and the specific personalities involved in Poland is replicable elsewhere is unclear, Kaye said.<\/p>\n<p>Mexico had a change in government in 2018 that gave civil society groups some hope of accountability over that nation\u2019s use of spyware, but that hope fizzled after no major results and reports of <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/mexico-pegasus-spyware-activists-press-freedom-army-76477e1d4e3e09250e20aa4896b1f9e1\">ongoing spyware abuses<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s possible that some governments come in and they see the power of these tools and say, \u2018Eh, we don\u2019t need to pursue this too rigorously because maybe we\u2019ll want these tools,\u2019\u201d Kaye said.<\/p>\n<p>Scott-Railton believes that others can follow Poland\u2019s lead.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cPoland is making a very good case for the replication of this model,\u201d he said. \u201cThey\u2019re doing it in a way that doesn\u2019t just say, \u2018all spyware bad.\u2019 Poland is saying, \u2018We found cases where this has been used in criminal investigations. We\u2019ve also found abuses.\u2019 This may be more palatable to other governments seeking to investigate their own spyware abuse crises.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Promising signs, unanswered questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For some of Poland\u2019s spyware victims, the country\u2019s investigation represents a positive step forward, but many questions remain. <\/p>\n<p>Dorota Brejza said Poland still needs to pass legislation to establish greater court authority over the country\u2019s secret services if it hopes to further crack down on spyware abuses.<\/p>\n<p>This is the earliest stage of the Polish effort, Kaye noted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Krzysztof Brejza has his own questions about his case. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re still waiting for the truth about Pegasus, about the whole operation against my family and against my friends \u2014 who made the leak, why it was used against me,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p><\/body> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"single-article__footer\">\n<div class=\"author-card\" readability=\"7.7216117216117\">\n<div class=\"author-card__avatar\">\n<figure class=\"author-card__image-wrap\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"author-card__image\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses-1.jpg?w=640&ssl=1\" alt=\"Tim Starks\"> <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"author-card__details\" readability=\"10.901098901099\">\n<h4 class=\"author-card__name\">Written by Tim Starks<\/h4>\n<p> Tim Starks is senior reporter at CyberScoop. His previous stops include working at The Washington Post, POLITICO and Congressional Quarterly. An Evansville, Ind. native, he’s covered cybersecurity since 2003. Email Tim here: <a href=\"mailto:tim.starks@cyberscoop.com\">tim.starks@cyberscoop.com<\/a>. <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__tags-container\">\n<h4 class=\"single-article__tags-title\">In This Story<\/h4>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/footer>\n<p> <\/html><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__ads js-single-article-sidebar\">\n<div class=\"ad ad--sidebar js-single-article-sidebar-5 ad--rightrail_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad ad--sidebar js-single-article-sidebar-4 ad--rightrail_2 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad ad--sidebar js-single-article-sidebar-3 ad--rightrail_3 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"popular-stories popular-stories--single-post\">\n<div 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{"id":3572,"date":"2024-05-15T11:16:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T16:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/?p=80442"},"modified":"2024-05-15T11:16:36","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T16:16:36","slug":"inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/index.php\/2024\/05\/15\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses\/","title":{"rendered":"Inside Poland\u2019s groundbreaking effort to reckon with spyware abuses\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"