Phones of journalists and activists in Europe targeted with Pegasus | CyberScoop<\/title> <meta name=\"description\" content=\"The notorious Israeli spyware was used to target journalists often working in exile from their authoritarian home countries, report finds. \"> <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/spyware-europe-nso-pegasus\/\"> <meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\"> <meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"> <meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phones of journalists and activists in Europe targeted with Pegasus\"> <meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The notorious Israeli spyware was used to target journalists often working in exile from their authoritarian home countries, report finds. \"> <meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/spyware-europe-nso-pegasus\/\"> <meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"CyberScoop\"> <meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-30T12:00:00+00:00\"> <meta 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width=\"21\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 22\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"m.822.518-.805.805L9.695 11 .017 20.678l.805.805 9.678-9.678 9.677 9.678.806-.805L11.305 11l9.678-9.677-.806-.805-9.677 9.677L.822.518Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" \/><\/svg> <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Close<\/span> <\/button> <\/section>\n<article class=\"single-article content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__container js-single-article-content\">\n<header class=\"single-article__header \" readability=\"25.908510638298\">\n<div class=\"single-article__header-content\" readability=\"31.363265306122\">\n<ul class=\"single-article__eyebrow\">\n<li class=\"single-article__category\"> <a class=\"single-article__category-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/news\/government\/\"> <span>Government<\/span> <\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> The notorious Israeli spyware was used to target journalists often working in exile from their authoritarian home countries, report finds. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__cover-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"single-article__cover\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus.jpg?resize=640%2C427&ssl=1\" class=\"single-article__cover-image wp-post-image\" alt decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus-2.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus-2.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus-2.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, 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https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus-2.jpg?resize=1264,843 1264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\"><figcaption> A woman passes by flags of the European Union outside the European commission headquarters in Brussels, on May 23, 2024, ahead of the upcoming European Parliament elections. (Photo by Kenzo TRIBOUILLARD \/ AFP \/ Getty Images) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"single-article__content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__content-inner has-drop-cap\"> <html readability=\"110.5482300885\"><body readability=\"222.28641950433\"><\/p>\n<p>At least seven journalists and activists based in Europe were targeted with NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware between August 2020 and late April 2023, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/publication\/civil-society-in-exile-pegasus\/\">a new investigation<\/a> that underscores the continuing threat that advanced spyware poses to writers and dissidents. <\/p>\n<p>The new investigation \u2014 carried out by the human rights organizations Access Now, the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto and the independent researcher Nikolai Kvantaliani \u2014 finds that Russian, Belarusian, Latvian and Israeli journalists and activists, several of whom are living in Europe in exile, were targeted by the notorious Pegasus spyware tool beginning as early as 2020, with additional attacks following Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. <\/p>\n<p>The findings <a href=\"https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/press-release\/exiled-russian-media-pegasus\/\">follow a September 2023 joint investigation<\/a> carried out by the two organizations that revealed that the notorious Pegasus spyware was used to target Galina Timchenko, the CEO of Meduza, the crusading media outlet based in Latvia that covers Russian affairs. <\/p>\n<p>While the investigation could not determine who was behind the newly uncovered attacks, the report\u2019s authors argue that it underscores the need for more aggressive action as members of European civil society continue to be targeted by spyware even as policymakers have pledged to crack down on the technology. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The authors urge \u201call governments to establish an immediate moratorium on the export, sale, transfer, servicing, and use of targeted digital surveillance technologies until rigorous human rights safeguards are put in place to regulate such practices, and to ban the use of spyware technologies such as Pegasus that have a history of enabling human rights abuses.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The victims in this case include five journalists and two activists. Two chose to remain anonymous, but five others are cited by name in the report: Evgeny Erlikh, a journalist and television producer living in Latvia; Evgeny Pavlov, another journalist in Latvia; Maria Epifanova, the general director of <a href=\"https:\/\/novayagazeta.eu\/en\">Novaya Gazeta Europe<\/a> and director of Novaya Gazeta Baltija, its Baltic outlet; Andrei Sannikov, a prominent Belarusian opposition figure and one-time candidate for president; and Natallia Radzina, the editor-in-chief of the independent Belarusian news outlet Charter97.org. <\/p>\n<p>Radzina \u2014 whose phone was infected with Pegasus twice in the first week of December 2022 and again in January 2023, according to Access Now \u2014 told CyberScoop in an email that she considers the incidents a violation \u201cof privacy, the secrecy of correspondence and telephone conversations.\u201d Radzina said that her phone had previously been tapped in Belarus, where she was politically persecuted by the KGB, Belarus\u2019s national intelligence agency. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cI know that for many years my absolutely legal journalistic activity can only be of interest to the Belarusian and Russian special services,\u201d Radzina said, adding that the only thing that scares her about the newly uncovered targeting is that whoever is behind it might be cooperating with Belarus\u2019s KGB or Russia\u2019s FSB. <\/p>\n<p>The Latvian journalist Pavlov told CyberScoop in an email this week that he was \u201csurprised\u201d to have been targeted, as his \u201cjournalistic work in Latvia is legal and transparent.\u201d The only logical reason his phone was targeted, he speculated, was that he works with foreign media. Access Now determined his phone was targeted on or around Nov. 28, 2022 and again on April 24, 2023, but it\u2019s not clear whether the attack was successful. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cI don\u2019t know to whom I am of interest, but if the intelligence services of any country can interfere in the activities of journalists in this way, then this poses a very big threat to free and safe journalism,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Erlikh\u2019s phone was targeted between Nov. 28 and 29, 2022, according to Access Now. His wife was also <a href=\"https:\/\/support.apple.com\/en-us\/102174\">notified by Apple<\/a> of an attempted attack, according to the report, but investigators were unable to analyze her phone. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWho exactly is watching us? I don\u2019t have a clear answer,\u201d he said in an email, but guessed it could be Latvian or Russian security services. \u201cFor the Kremlin, I am an emigrant journalist who left Russia and now collaborates with American media and criticizes Putin\u2019s policies. For Latvia \u2014 I am a Russian journalist who now lives in Latvia, and in my programs sometimes criticizes the actions of Latvian politicians. But in fact, I am a citizen of Israel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Epifanova, whose phone was targeted in August 2020, told CyberScoop in a phone call that she\u2019s not sure who would have been behind the operation. Even if the Russian government was interested in her journalistic work, it\u2019s unlikely that their security services conducted the targeting, she said. Instead, Epifanova theorized that it might have been the Latvian government \u2014 given that she\u2019s a Russian living in Latvia, her news outlet was reporting for local audiences and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iri.org\/news\/the-baltics-and-russia-neighbors-that-rarely-meet\/\">complicated relationship<\/a> between the Russian government and the Baltic states.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt happens from time to time that Russian journalists in the Baltic countries are being accused of working for the Russian special services,\u201d Epifanova said. \u201cThey could have had interest in me and they could have checked me.\u201d <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nevertheless, the targeting represents an invasion of privacy. She plans to petition the Latvian security services for clarification. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf it\u2019s not Latvia who is behind the case, then Latvia should at least be worried that other agencies of other countries are operating on its territory,\u201d she said. \u201cSo if it\u2019s somebody else, then, well, it\u2019s also worrying.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>She added that she\u2019s not \u201cthat naive to think that they would provide me all the information they have. And probably I wouldn\u2019t get any answers ever. But still, I believe it\u2019s worth trying once.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Latvian Embassy in Washington, D.C. did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n<p>Europe has become a focal point in the battle against mercenary spyware in recent years after a string of instances in which European politicians, journalists and civil society have been targeted by the technology. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Although the European Union has a reputation for strong technology regulations, activists are growing increasingly frustrated with what they view <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/how-europe-became-wild-west-spyware\/\">as a far too laissez-faire approach<\/a> to spyware rules. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019ve watched European inaction on mercenary spyware with puzzled wonderment,\u201d said John Scott-Railton, a researcher at Citizen Lab. \u201cGiven the number of scandals and revelations of human rights abuses and national security breaches, Europe is fast becoming a leader in spyware crises.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Scott-Railton said he\u2019s encouraged by growing momentum behind efforts to reckon with spyware abuses, including in Poland, where the newly elected government <a href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/inside-polands-groundbreaking-effort-to-reckon-with-spyware-abuses\/\">is taking a close look<\/a> at how its predecessor used the technology to spy on its rivals. <\/p>\n<p>One reason why EU authorities have not taken stronger action is that law enforcement and national security issues are the purview of individual member states within the EU, Krapiva, one of the report\u2019s authors, told CyberScoop ahead of the report\u2019s release. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cStates don\u2019t like to be hacked but they want to reserve the right to hack themselves. So states like Spain, and even France, for example, have been active in watering down regulation (e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20240308IPR19014\/media-freedom-act-a-new-bill-to-protect-eu-journalists-and-press-freedom\">European Media Freedom Act<\/a> that was supposed to protect journalists from spyware),\u201d she wrote in an online chat. <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In 2022, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/committees\/en\/pega\/about\">European Parliament established<\/a> the PEGA Committee to investigate spyware abuses and the \u201cmaladministration\u201d of EU laws related to spyware. Following a year-long inquiry, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20230505IPR84901\/spyware-meps-sound-alarm-on-threat-to-democracy-and-demand-reforms\">committee documented<\/a> what it called \u201csystemic issues\u201d in Poland and Hungary, expressed \u201cconcerns\u201d over spyware use in Greece and Spain and said stronger regulations were needed. <\/p>\n<p>PEGA Committee Chair Jeroen Lenaers told CyberScoop in a statement that the committee \u201cstrongly condemns the use of spyware by Member State governments\u201d and that action at the union level is \u201cindispensable.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>But Lenaers said that a moratorium or ban on spyware use is not the \u201cright solution,\u201d as such tools can be \u201cvery useful\u201d to tackle serious crime \u201cwhen used in a legal manner.\u201d He added that it is crucial to set up effective democratic and judicial oversight mechanisms for spyware use and to create legal remedies for individuals whose rights have been violated by the use of spyware. <\/p>\n<p>Lenaers said that despite his committee\u2019s clear recommendations and multiple attempts to target high-level EU officials using spyware, the EU Commission \u201cis still clearly lacking any sense of urgency\u201d and \u201ccontinues to refuse to implement any of our recommendations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is a disgrace [that] enables the abuse of spyware and the unlawful targeting of innocent journalists and activists to continue,\u201d Lenaers said.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sophie In \u2018t Veld, a Dutch member of the committee, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20230505IPR84901\/spyware-meps-sound-alarm-on-threat-to-democracy-and-demand-reforms\">said after the report was released<\/a> in March 2023 that \u201cnot one government has really been held accountable.\u201d Ahead of Access Now\u2019s report release this week, she told CyberScoop in a statement that spyware abuse in Europe \u201cis out of hand,\u201d and pointed to a continued lack of action. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhereas the U.S. has the federal government as acting sheriff, the EU has become a kind of lawless wild west, with no-one keeping order,\u201d she said. \u201cThe European Commission is playing a very dangerous game, by consciously not upholding the laws that are broken by EU member state governments, when they use commercial spyware. The Commission wrongly feels like it should not infringe on the freedom of member state governments to use these tools. It can act, or at least try, but chooses not to do so for political expediency.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The EU Commission did not immediately respond to a request for comment. <\/p>\n<p><\/body> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"single-article__footer\" readability=\"1.1296296296296\">\n<div class=\"author-card\" readability=\"8\">\n<div class=\"author-card__avatar\">\n<figure class=\"author-card__image-wrap\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"author-card__image\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus-1.jpg?w=640&ssl=1\" alt=\"AJ Vicens\"> <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><h4 class=\"author-card__name\">Written by AJ Vicens<\/h4>\n<p> AJ covers nation-state threats and cybercrime. He was previously a reporter at Mother Jones. 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{"id":3811,"date":"2024-05-30T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/?p=80592"},"modified":"2024-05-30T07:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T12:00:00","slug":"phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/index.php\/2024\/05\/30\/phones-of-journalists-and-activists-in-europe-targeted-with-pegasus\/","title":{"rendered":"Phones of journalists and activists in Europe targeted with Pegasus"},"content":{"rendered":"