The ten key reforms that can close America\u2019s cybersecurity gaps | CyberScoop<\/title> <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover ten essential steps policymakers should take to strengthen the United States\u2019 cybersecurity, protect critical infrastructure, and counter ever-evolving cyber threats.\"> <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/effective-us-cybersecurity-strategy-key-steps-op-ed\/\"> <meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\"> <meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"> <meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The ten key reforms that can close America\u2019s cybersecurity gaps\"> <meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover ten essential steps policymakers should take to strengthen the United States\u2019 cybersecurity, protect critical infrastructure, and counter ever-evolving cyber threats.\"> <meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/effective-us-cybersecurity-strategy-key-steps-op-ed\/\"> <meta 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tabindex=\"-1\"> <\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--top ad--top-mobile\">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"stickybar\" class=\"stickybar stickybar--newsletter js-stickybar\" readability=\"0.82\"> <button class=\"stickybar__close js-stickybar-close\" aria-controls=\"stickybar\"> <svg class=\"icon icon--close\" width=\"21\" height=\"22\" viewBox=\"0 0 21 22\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"m.822.518-.805.805L9.695 11 .017 20.678l.805.805 9.678-9.678 9.677 9.678.806-.805L11.305 11l9.678-9.677-.806-.805-9.677 9.677L.822.518Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" \/><\/svg> <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Close<\/span> <\/button> <\/section>\n<article class=\"single-article content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__container js-single-article-content\">\n<header class=\"single-article__header \" readability=\"22.929473684211\">\n<div class=\"single-article__header-content\" readability=\"32.282608695652\">\n<ul class=\"single-article__eyebrow\">\n<li class=\"single-article__category\"> <a class=\"single-article__category-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/effective-us-cybersecurity-strategy-key-steps-op-ed\/\"> <span>Commentary<\/span> <\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Cybercriminals and foreign adversaries are exploiting gaps in our digital armor. These essential reforms can help American cybersecurity catch up. <\/p>\n<p>  <br \/>\n<audio id=\"audio-player\" src=\"https:\/\/wp-tts-cdn.api.scpnewsgrp.com\/cyberscoop\/87081\/english.openai.mp3\"><\/audio> <\/p>\n<div readability=\"11\">\n<div>\n<p>Listen to this article<\/p>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p>0:00<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>  <\/p>\n<p> <span id=\"tts-tooltip\">Learn more.<\/span> <span> This feature uses an automated voice, which may result in occasional errors in pronunciation, tone, or sentiment. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>  <\/div>\n<div class=\"single-article__cover-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"single-article__cover\"> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"640\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps.jpg?resize=640%2C419&ssl=1\" class=\"single-article__cover-image wp-post-image\" alt decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg 5172w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=300,196 300w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=768,503 768w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=1024,671 1024w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=1536,1006 1536w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=2048,1341 2048w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=600,393 600w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=257,168 257w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=515,337 515w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=1031,675 1031w, https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps-1.jpg?resize=1287,843 1287w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1031px) 100vw, 1031px\"><figcaption> (Getty Images) <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"single-article__content\">\n<div class=\"single-article__content-inner has-drop-cap\"> <html readability=\"78.678421787709\"><body readability=\"159.16487967596\"><\/p>\n<p>For decades, the United States government and private sector have worked tirelessly to secure cyberspace, yet our nation remains frighteningly vulnerable to a litany of cyberthreats posed by cybercriminals and foreign adversaries alike. Daily news reports of cyber intrusions ranging from criminal ransomware attacks to foreign state-sponsored intrusions into power, water, and other critical infrastructure systems are a constant reminder that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.centerforcybersecuritypolicy.org\/insights-and-research\/recap---offensive-cyber-operations-charting-a-legal-and-strategic-path-forward\">by almost every measure, the cybersecurity threat landscape is actually worse<\/a>.\u201d We can, and must, do better. To develop an effective national cybersecurity strategy, policymakers should consider the following ten points. <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-prioritize-key-systems\">Prioritize \u201cKey Systems\u201d<\/h4>\n<p>Policymakers should prioritize securing critical infrastructure whose cybersecurity failures could have catastrophic impacts on national security, economic security, public health or safety. Such systems include the electrical grid, water systems, ports, rail and air transportation as well as national, state, and local governments. <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-use-memory-safe-languages-for-key-systems\">Use Memory Safe languages for key systems<\/h4>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>A fundamental cybersecurity problem stems from the widespread use of software written in unsafe programming languages. These languages, developed in the early days of computing\u2014before cybersecurity was even a consideration\u2014were designed for efficiency, but are vulnerable to a class of programming bugs known as \u201cmemory safety errors.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Memory safety errors have been described as \u201ctoday\u2019s biggest attack surface for hackers\u201d and are estimated to be responsible for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisa.gov\/news-events\/news\/urgent-need-memory-safety-software-products\">nearly 70% of software vulnerabilities<\/a>. Fortunately, today\u2019s memory safe programming languages (e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoworld.com\/article\/2336661\/rust-memory-safety-explained.html\">Rust<\/a>) are specifically designed to eliminate memory safety errors.<\/p>\n<p>The federal government has developed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cisa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-12\/The-Case-for-Memory-Safe-Roadmaps-508c.pdf\">roadmap<\/a> to help companies transition to memory safe code, and many companies have begun the <a href=\"https:\/\/security.googleblog.com\/2024\/09\/deploying-rust-in-existing-firmware.html\">journey<\/a>. Accelerating this transition will significantly strengthen the nation\u2019s cybersecurity. <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-apply-formal-methods-for-key-systems\">Apply formal methods for key systems<\/h4>\n<p>Memory-safe languages eliminate many software vulnerabilities but are not a cure-all. Using \u201cformal methods\u201d offers even greater security. Formal methods rely on mathematical proof \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/formal-methods-as-a-path-toward-better-cybersecurity\/\">to create ultra-secure, ultra-reliable software<\/a>.\u201d In fact, when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darpa.mil\/news\/resources\/case-studies\/hacms\">formal methods to program a military helicopter\u2019s flight control computer<\/a>, all subsequent hacking attempts failed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Formal methods are currently in use by numerous leading technology companies, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/cacm.acm.org\/practice\/systems-correctness-practices-at-amazon-web-services\/\">Amazon Web Services<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/research\/project\/practical-system-verification\/\">Microsoft<\/a>, and in high-assurance contexts, such as development of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.astree.ens.fr\/\">flight-control software<\/a>. Implementation of formal methods requires some work, but the necessary tools are publicly available, the benefits are significant, and future advancements in automation will likely make implementation even easier. <\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-establish-resilient-architectures\">Establish resilient architectures<\/h4>\n<p>Migrating to resilient architectures based on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/news-events\/news\/2025\/06\/nist-offers-19-ways-build-zero-trust-architectures\">\u201czero trust\u201d principles<\/a> will further strengthen the cybersecurity of key systems. Traditional security models automatically trust users within an organization\u2019s perimeter. In contrast, zero trust models trust no one by default. Taking a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paloaltonetworks.com\/cyberpedia\/what-is-a-zero-trust-architecture\">never trust, always verify<\/a>\u201d approach, these models reduce the chance of breach by verifying every access request, regardless of where it originates.<\/p>\n<p>Policymakers should ensure that zero trust architectures are established for key critical infrastructure through Congressional action and\/or federal regulations akin to those already established for interstate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.industrialdefender.com\/blog\/what-is-nerc-cip\">electric transmission<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2025-01-21\/pdf\/2025-01422.pdf\">railroads<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/FR-2025-01-17\/pdf\/2025-01243.pdf\">pipelines<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-build-data-resilience\">Build data resilience<\/h4>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Data resilience is the ability to keep data accessible and uncorrupted, even during a cyberattack. One effective way to improve data resilience is to back up key systems in the cloud\u2014an approach Ukraine famously used just before Russia\u2019s invasion. By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextgov.com\/digital-government\/2022\/12\/ukraine-tech-chief-cloud-migration-saved-ukrainian-government-and-economy\/380328\/\">migrating<\/a> thousands of terabytes of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.datacenterdynamics.com\/en\/news\/ukraine-awards-microsoft-and-aws-peace-prize-for-cloud-services-digital-support\/#:~:text=There%20are%2061%20government%20data,once%20the%20war%20is%20over.%20company)\">critical government data<\/a> to the cloud, Ukraine was able to maintain government operations despite intense kinetic operations and cyberattacks.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-defend-proactively-through-threat-hunting\">Defend proactively through threat hunting <\/h4>\n<p>Policymakers should ensure that defensive cyber \u201cthreat hunting\u201d\u2014proactively searching networks for undetected cyberthreats\u2014is conducted regularly undertaken on key networks. Many key systems already receive threat hunting services through contracts with private firms, but policymakers should make sure that every key system is covered, potentially by establishing necessary baseline requirements. While private companies can provide much of this support, government agencies\u2014 such as the Coast Guard under its \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-33\/chapter-I\/subchapter-A\/part-6\">Captain of the Port\u201d authorities<\/a> to protect critical port infrastructure\u2014can also play a role. Finally, because defensive threat hunting on key networks serves the public interest, Congress should consider providing financial support, such as tax credits or dedicated budget allocations.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-coordinate-government-and-private-sector-cybersecurity-actions\">Coordinate government and private sector cybersecurity actions <\/h4>\n<p>Effective cybersecurity requires close collaboration between the government and the private sector. To ensure this coordination, a central body overseen by the National Cyber Director should be established. The NCD would act as a \u201chead coach,\u201d guiding efforts across both sectors, while leaving day-to-day operations to the organizations best equipped to handle them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-establish-regional-resilience-districts\">Establish \u201cRegional Resilience Districts\u201d <\/h4>\n<p>Policymakers should support regional approaches to cybersecurity, which help manage risks across sectors in critical areas. Piloting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/The-sixth-domain-The-role-of-the-private-sector-in-warfare-Oct16.pdf\">regional resilience districts<\/a> in places with major military installations, such as Charleston, South Carolina or the Houston ship channel, would strengthen cross-sector protection, limit cascading effects from cybersecurity failures, and improve recovery from major attacks.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-incorporate-adversary-disruption-into-cyber-campaigns\">Incorporate adversary disruption into cyber campaigns <\/h4>\n<p>Policymakers should collaborate with key private sector firms to assess their ability to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scworld.com\/brief\/google-to-launch-cyber-disruption-unit\">disrupt adversarial cyber attacks<\/a>\u2014for example, by banning entities that violate terms of service from their networks. They should then determine when and how private sector and government actions, whether individually or together, can most effectively contribute to disrupting adversaries.<\/p>\n<p>Governments have previously worked with the private sector to take down criminal cyber organizations, sometimes using the Fourth Amendment\u2019s asset seizure authority. Given the rise in cyber intrusions by both criminals (e.g., ransomware operators) and nation-state adversaries (e.g., China\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/mccraryinstitute.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/10\/McCrary-Institue-Code-Red-Release-Ready.pdf\">Typhoons<\/a>), policymakers should consider expanding these efforts beyond asset seizure to include active disruption.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-capitalize-on-emerging-technology\">Capitalize on emerging technology <\/h4>\n<p>Finally, policymakers should leverage the innovation pipeline\u2014including expertise from industry, government, federal R&D centers, national laboratories, and academia\u2014to effectively apply emerging technologies like artificial intelligence in support of both offensive and defensive cybersecurity missions. <\/p>\n<p>Cybersecurity policymakers have a unique opportunity to dramatically strengthen our digital defenses by following the ten steps outlined above. Implementing these measures will help safeguard national security, critical infrastructure, and the public good in an increasingly complex threat environment. The time for decisive action is now.<\/p>\n<p><em>This op-ed is derived from the forthcoming Atlantic Council report by the authors on \u201cCybersecurity Strategy for the United States.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Franklin D. Kramer is a distinguished fellow at and serves on the board of the Atlantic Council. He is a former assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs.<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"ad ad--inline_1 \">\n<div class=\"ad__inner\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Advertisement<\/span> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>Robert J. Butler is the co-founder and managing director of Cyber Strategies LLC, served as the first deputy assistant secretary of defense for space and cyber policy, and served as the Chief Security Officer for IO Data Centers, a global data center enterprise, among other cybersecurity-related roles in both corporate and government organizations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Melanie J. Teplinsky is an adjunct professor and senior fellow in the Technology, Law and Security Program at American University (AU), Washington College of Law. She previously practiced technology law at Steptoe & Jonson LLP and served on the pre-IPO advisory board for CrowdStrike.<\/em><\/p>\n<p> <\/body> <\/p>\n<footer class=\"single-article__footer\" readability=\"0.70812182741117\">\n<div class=\"author-card\" readability=\"8\">\n<p><h4 class=\"author-card__name\">Written by Franklin D. Kramer, Robert J. Butler and Melanie J. 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{"id":8192,"date":"2025-12-10T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cyberscoop.com\/?p=87081"},"modified":"2025-12-10T06:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T12:00:00","slug":"the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ddi.mohflo.net\/index.php\/2025\/12\/10\/the-ten-key-reforms-that-can-close-americas-cybersecurity-gaps\/","title":{"rendered":"The ten key reforms that can close America\u2019s cybersecurity gaps"},"content":{"rendered":"